CASE20220823_001

When It Rains It Pours: Having Two Complications At The Same Time

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Presenter

Hsuan-Ling Tseng

Authors

1

Affiliation

, Taiwan1
Complications - Complications

When It Rains It Pours: Having Two Complications At The Same Time

1

, Taiwan1

Clinical Information

Patient initials or Identifier Number

CTL

Relevant Clinical History and Physical Exam

A 83 year-old man with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia presented with intermittent chest tightness to our cardiology clinic. He also complained of dyspnea on exertion. He denied history of smoking. Physical exam showed bilateral clear breathing sound, regular heart beat without cardiac murmur and no pitting edema. 

Relevant Test Results Prior to Catheterization

ECG showed no ischemic change. Myocardial perfusion scan showed moderate ischemia of left ventricle.

Relevant Catheterization Findings

LAD: diffuse stenosis from proximal to distal partLCX: stenosis at proximal and distal part, ostial stenosis of OM branchRCA: very tortuous, tandem lesion at proximal and middle partCAD, 3-V-D, syntax score above 33
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Interventional Management

Procedural Step

At first, we consulted heart team and discussed with the patient and his family about CABG. However, they refused surgical treatment due to old age. Our strategy was complete revascularization and fix LCX and LAD this time. We used 6Fr EBU 3.5 as guiding catheter and runthrough as workhorse wire. A NC balloon was used for pre-dilatation for LCX lesion. A DES was  placed from OM to proximal part. Another DES was placed at proximal part. We used NC balloon for post-dilatation. Something wrong at OM but we didn't notice. Then we start to fix LAD lesion but extravasation was noted at OM distal. Due to distal perforation, we went back to OM and used prolong ballon inflation for 5 minutes several times to fix it. Hemodynamic change was noted but echocardiography showed no pericardial effusion. However, another extravasation at ostium of the branch of OM. Type C dissection was favored and we observed it. We went back to LAD and treat the diffuse lesion ASAP. The flow of the branch of OM decreased from TIMI 3 to TIMI 2. Progressed intramural hematoma was favored. We used another wire with Crusade for wiring to the occluded branch and a small balloon for dilatation. The flow returned. We didn't place stent and observed the flow for 15 minutes. The TIMI 3 flow preserved and we closed the procedure. After removal of all device, protamine of 30mg was applied for partial reversal. 3 weeks later, catheterization was checked and the flow of the branch was well. 

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Case Summary

1.     Learning Points: Early identification, Serial echocardiography, Hemodynamic monitoring2.     The decision to complete versus immediately terminate a planned PCI procedure in the setting of a complication must be based on the relative risks of each option to the patient3.     Distal perforation can be managed with prolonged balloon occlusionA.    Multiple runs of prolonged balloon inflation may be neededB.    Many of nonlethal perforations can be treated with this conservative approach4.     However, when extravasation persists, salvage strategies can be usedA.    Prepare the knowledge of effective techniques5.     Simple balloon dilatation without bail-out stenting may be effective for type C dissection